Difference between international and comparative HRM

Difference surrounded by planetary and comparative HRMThe growth in trans topic throw and globalisation has encouraged firms to expand their operations worldwide, which has resulted in the emergence of brisk markets much(prenominal) as China, India, South East Asia and Latin America. This trend has too been accompanied by an increased level of controversy amongst firms at both national and supranational level. The ch everyenge of managing a workforce worldwide with different cross- ethnic skills, contendncies and demographic char deederistics stringents that managers can no longer confide on traditional HRM models developed for Anglo-Saxon countries. many another(prenominal) firms lowestimate the decomposableities involved in supranational operations, and in that respect is some express to suggest that personal credit line failures in the international atomic number 18na may lots be linked to poor concern of human race visions (Desatnick Bennett, 1978). West ern academics and practiti iodiners abide thus track downd from traditional international HRM issues to the argona of comparative HRM. In order to maximize cross-national counsel capabilities, there is need to at a lower placestand how employees in different national moves respond to similar concepts within their particular functions. This test has been constructiond as follows. In the next section, I will realise the difference amongst international and comparative HRM. I will thus look at the way comparative HRM embolden academics and practitioners appreciate the differences in the strategies and processes in MNCs. A conclusion is then presented.Difference between international and comparative HRM outside(a) HRM has been defined as HRM issues, functions, policies and shapes that result from the strategic activities of MNEs (Scullion, 1995). IHRM deals in the master(prenominal) with issues and problems associated with the globalisation of capitalism. It involves the same elements as domestic HRM plainly is much complex to manage, in terms of the diversity of national contexts and types of workers. The emphasis is on the MNCs baron to attract, develop and deploy talented employees in a multinational setting and to get them to work effectively despite differences in culture, language and locations. International HRM tends to mitigate the impact of national culture and national work practice against corporate culture and practices. Comparative HRM, on the other hand, is a dictatorial method of investigation that seeks to explain the patterns and variations encountered in cross-national HRM alternatively than simply severalise HRM institutions and practices in different societies. According to comparative HRM literature, different national business systems arise from differences in specific historical, cultural and institutional heritage in certain countries. Comparative differences occur collectable to decisive historical events such as t he process of industrialisation or due to the legacy of pre-modern forms of accessible organisation. Hofstedes (1980) adopted the culturalist perspective where he argued that national business styles emerge due to ingrained cultural attitudes and mental schemas. He described culture under five dimensions which argon power distance, individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance and long-term orientation. other researchers claim that HR management practices differ between nations due to the aim of specifically national institutions such as education, banking functions or intrust in/ sanctioned support.In what ways (if at all) does an reasonableness of comparative HRM assist academics and HR practitioners appreciate the difference in the strategies and processes in MNCs which be oftentimes termed as International HRM?The contrasted view to a divergence point mentioned to a high-pitcheder place is that some academics claim that with HRM policies and practices atomic num ber 18 be attack universal (tending more(prenominal) towards the preponderant American models) and that state of matter-of-origin effects are no longer relevant. The pressure to work standardised operations internationally is strongest in sectors where competition is highly internationalised and where firms compete on the basis of a similar product or service crossways countries such as in cars and fast foods. They have put forward several reasons to explain this trend. Firstly, all MNCs operate in one global market and therefore have to respond to the same environmental pressures such as globalisation and technology, the growth in international trade and the move towards an internationally-integrated financial system. Secondly, the widespread practice of benchmarking best practice in terms of cost, quality and productivity may also have contri only ifed to lap of international HRM models for e.g. lacquerese style lean-production system in the 1980s and 1990s. Moreover, thes e pressures towards convergence stem in part from the influence of MNCs themselves through their ability to conveyance of title practices across borders and erode orbit-of-origin effects. Finally, the formation and development of like-minded international cadres broadly from American or European business schools may have contributed to homogenized international HRM policies and practices.Since the early 1990s, the international HRM literature has been dominated by models and typologies aimed at identifying how international HR fits with organisational strategy. Bartlett and Ghoshal (1998) argue that the main issue for all multinational companies is the need to trade-off the advantages global efficiency namely the coordination of its operations to bring home the bacon economies of scale and scope as opposed to the need to cross off its products and services to meet the topical anaesthetic anaesthetic anaesthetic takes. They also identified a terzetto pressure, namely world wide regeneration and learning, whereby firms are encouraged to support innovation and learning across their network of subsidiaries rather than simply relying on research and development at the headquarters. MNEs then follow the appropriate HRM policies and practices according to the social system of the organisation, the competitive strategy chosen or stage of corporate maturation reached. Below, the Taylors (1996) model of strategic international HRM has been described.ExportiveThis is essentially a model where the HQ management takes home surface area management climb and try to put on them in their foreign subsidiaries in order to achieve economies of scale. In this model, there is a system of hierarchy and a centralised throw. This is especially efficacious in instances of uncertain political environment and high risks demanding greater get word from corporate parents. Given this pattern of centralisation, there is a considerable bar of forward policy transfer and le ss reverse transfer from subsidiaries to the HQ, i.e. they rely mainly on the proficient know-how of the parent friendship. Global firms offer products or services that are standardised to enable production to be carried in a cost-efficient way. Their subsidiaries are not subject to rigid control except over the quality and the presentation of the product or service. This structure is normally associated with the American firms with their formalised, bureaucratic control and a dominant pay system to internalise risks. AdaptiveDifferences in the multitude environment demands and conditions mean that overseas subsidiaries have to operate independently. This is common where departing from established practices in force environments is unlawful. For example, in some Germany, there is a legal obligation to accomplish with employee representatives concerning major organisational changes. In other cases, transferring practices may be legal but would go against traditional practices a t the risk of losing goodwill from staff. Firms may influence to forgo HQ control if there is the possibility to exploit just about efficiently the local anaesthetic beat back markers. For example, MNCs which origin from high-cost highly regulated economies such as Germany may well choose not to transfer main(prenominal) elements of their HR systems such as collective bargaining or apprenticeship if they move to lower wage, lightly regulated economies such as China.IntegrativeIt is also argued that the more management processes and activities can be integrated across geographical boundaries, the easier it is to share resources and knowledge. They can identify and best use the skill and management talent that exists across the MNC network allowing for both global integration and local differentiation.As mentioned previously, international HRM processes consist of the same activities as domestic HRM but applied in an international context. These include an accurate human resource planning to ensure that the MNCs have the just people at the right place around the world, good staffing policies that capitalise on the world-wide expertise of expatriates and locals, consummation appraisals that fit with the competitive strategies of the HQ, adequate upbringing and development to ensure that expatriates do not suffer from culture shock and compensation policies that are strategically and culturally relevant. The focus in international HRM strategy is how MNEs set up their geographically dispersed operations strengthening the organisational culture, promoting commitment and encouraging willingness in employees to act in the interests of the firm.Recruitment and selection of international managersEmployees play a important role in sustaining and coordinating their geographically dispersed operations. The challenge is that of resourcing international operations with people of the right calibre. Traditionally, MNEs sent expatriates, i.e. a parent commonwealth n ational abroad to ensure that the policies and procedures set by the parent -company were beingness followed as well as to bring expertise to the local employees. However, the high number of expatriate failures has meant that more and more MNEs are turning to swarm country nationals to satisfy the international staffing needs. The prominent reason to explain international assignment failures was the inability of the expatriate or his family to cope with the culture shock. exploreers revealed that international business travellers faced problems in their personal lives and were victims of stress. Moreover, changes in legislative conditions affect labour relations combined with security issues have made it more costly to use expatriates at senior management positions at subordinate word level. The advantages of employing local nationals are that they are familiar with local markets, the local communities, the cultural setting and the local economy. They speak the local language a nd are culturally assimilated. They can take a long-view and contribute for a long plosive (as distinct from expatriates who are likely to take a short-term perspective). Expatriates are only used as technical troubleshooters and general management operatives. This office academics need to find the best ways to recruit and select local managers and help them cultivate a global perspective rather than a narrow outlook on how to conduct business in the local environment. International pay and reward and performance managementThe concept reasonably pay and reward is also subject to different interpretations depending on the national business system. Triandis (1998) differentiated between vertical cultures which accept hierarchy as given whereas horizontal cultures accept equality as given. In laissez-faire(a) cultures, there are few rules and norms about correct behaviour and employees abide to be rewarded on their own merits and performance. Countries like US feature at the highe r end of the laissez-faire(a)ic spectrum. On the other hand, collectivism emerges in societies that have many rules and regulations about correct behaviour. In these societies, employees accept rewards or recognition on the basis of their seniority, efficiency and conformity with the organisational values rather than on the basis of their creativity or professionalism (Pascale and Athos, 1981). China is an example of a collectivist society. In such societies, rewards for individual performance or differentiating between employees are not acceptable. Indeed, the prevailing view is that it takes the contribution from everyone to achieve perpetual improvement (kaizen) in Japanese enterprise. Singling one employee may cause him to suffer face and consequently a loss of goodwill for the expatriate manager.Moreover, an understanding of the body language is vital for senior expatriate managers when providing feedbacks. While in individualistic society, it is perfectly acceptable for a s ubordinate to participate in a discussion with his senior, in collectivist societies such as India, disagreeing with ones executive program is considered disrespectful. Furthermore, countries like Korea and Taiwan favor more subtle ways of communication feedbacks. Up-front reprimand or performance appraisal is likely to clash with the societys norms of congruity and the employees may view it as a personal affront. Understanding these local customs and mapping them across countries is an exciting field of study for researchers implicated in global performance management systems. genteelness and developmentTraining and development is vital to ensure that the workforce remains competent and fictile by developing the know-how thought necessary for success in the company and on the job. Scholars have highlighted the importance of national culture on genteelness and development in terms of the hard and soft approaching. The hard approach views employees in the organisation as a m ere resource to achieve goals of the organisation while the soft approach views them more as set assets capable of development (Tyson and Fell, 1986). This approach obviously influence the level come in of institutional (percentage GDP) spent on education. The German tradition adopts the soft approach and relies on formal apprenticeship, functional rotation and career path where technical expertise is gradually developed. UK which support the hard approach, believes that the individual is responsible for bread and butter his own education and career advancement. This difference in national training and education systems will mean that the skill and competence profile of the workers gettable on the labour market will vary from one country to another.Comparative studies have also shown that there are national differences in the way that managerial careers and management development are organised. Both Japan and France rely on elite recruitment, that is, future managers are decided at the point of entry based on their exceptional qualifications. This contrasts with the American tone of self-improvement where the philosophy is its never too late to change.Also, there are also noticeable differences in the teaching and learning style across countries. The idea of working in groups is more natural to Asiatic than individualist Anglo-Saxon managers. German and Swiss managers favour structured learning environments and coming to the right answers and are tolerant of confrontation. Asian countries, in contrast, are more concerned about status differences and may be unwilling to put back ideas against their mentors. This will consequently impact on the format of delivering training for the practitioner, whereby the Asian employees might prefer lecture-type training and German and Swiss might prefer the seminar-type interpersonal interaction.Employment relationsFinally, the type of employee relations pursued by the MNE depends principally on the national business systems characteristics of the both the home and swarm countries. According to Hall and Soskice (2001), there are two varieties of capitalism liberate market economies and directd market economies. In liberal market economies, firms coordinate their activities primarily via hierarchies and competitive market arrangements. Market relations are characterised by arms length exchange of goods and services and formal contracting. The demand and affix of goods and services are regulated though market mechanisms. There are comparatively fewer state controls. Nations like US and UK fall under this category of market. Consequently, US MNEs adopt a short-termist shareholder value lookout which means they are less willing to offer secure employment to their workers. Therefore, management of labour in the US mirrors the economic model of demand and supply, with market determined wages, hire-and-fire practice and many workers employed on a temporary basis. Employers in US are also more res istant to trade union organisations than in other developed industrial democracies and the legal support for trade union organisations and collective bargaining are relatively weak in the US compared to those in other countries.In contrast, in coordinated market economies, firms depend more heavily on non-market relationships to coordinate their activities with other economic actors. These non-market modes means there is greater reliance on private information inside networks and a greater reliance on collaborative relationships. Coordinated market economies are also characterised by a higher degree of government intervention. Countries such as France, Italy and China are examples of such economies. To illustrate, countries like Germany and Japan have adopted the long-termist approach whereby the interests of stakeholders are considered rather than simply of shareholders. This means these MNEs can offer its employees long-term employment. German trade unions are considered as a pow erful stakeholder in the labour market and have the right of collective bargaining, i.e. employers need to so chaffer their workers before any major changes are carried out.To conclude, the basic purpose of examining human resource from a comparative and international perspective is that it contributes to an understanding of the close to which there are differences between organisations and their subsidiaries located in different countries. The main difference between comparative and international HRM is comparative HRM seeks to explain the differences arising between different business systems while IHRM downplays the importance of host and home country differences. The greater cultural distance between home country and host country, the harder it will be for the MNCs to transfer home country philosophies and practices. This impact on the way HR practitioners have to implement their policies but opens up new avenues for research for the academics. ReferencesBjorkman,I and Stahl ( 2006) International HRM research An introduction to the field Stahl and Bjorkman (Eds) Handbook of Research in International HRM, Edward Elgar, Aldershot.Almond, P. And Tregaski (2007) International HRM, pages 634-648, in Beardwell and Claydon (Eds) HRM A contemporary approach, Pearson, London.Ferner, A. (1997) The country of Origin Effect and HRM in multinational corporations Human alternative management Journal 7(1) 19-38Edwards, T and Ferner, A. Managing Human resource in Multinational companies in Bach,S. (Ed)(2005), Personnel Management transition, Blackwell, Oxford.Reiche, B (2007) The effect of International staffing practices on adjunct staff retention in multinational corporations International Journal of HRM 184Nikandrou, I et al (2008) Training and Firm performance in Europe The impact of National and Organisational characteristics International Journal of HRM, 19 11Dowling and Welch, International Human Resource management, 4th Edition, ThomsonArmstrong. M., A Handbook ofHuman Resource ManagementPractice, 10th edition, (Kogan Page) London 2006 Anne-Wil Harzing, J.Van, Ruysseveldt, International human resource management, 2nd edition, apt 2004Hall, Peter A.Soskice, David, An introduction to Varieties of Capitalism, varieties of capitalism, August 2001, Oxford Scholarship Online monograph.

Representation Of Gender In Media Media Essay

Representation Of G extirpateer In Media Media EssayMedia plays a great region in changing the world by affecting the way muckle perceive different aspects of our lives. People tend to believe what they continuously see, and with quantify they take it as the normal way of life, the way involvements should be. It is important to visualise that what the media put downs or the message it delivers, whether directly or indirectly, is appropriate. The message should reflect the domineering side of the decrees medical prognosiss because with time, whatever is in the media today pass on start vie in true life.Most scholars have shown that in media, in that respect is a way that each gender is represented, based on the stereotypical temper that the society has classified phallics and fe masculines. Males be strong, tough and powerful, both intellectually and physically as expected by the society and represented by media. Males should leave out and conquer everything and com e out victorious. Females on the another(prenominal) hard ar supposed to be salving, emotional and caring as sound as supportive to those around them as well as their male counter come a plowsh ars. They atomic number 18 to subordinate men and work toward supporting them and making their life comfortable.In gender matters, the role that media has played in influencing peoples perception of the differences between male and female and expectations of each gender is big. The media has shown that women as the weaker ones, whose role is not study inappropriate the male gender who be strong and fearless and ar depicted as the stronger sex. In employment, most employees in the media such(prenominal)(prenominal) as radio and TV are male with the females occupying a lesser percentage. The undertaking roles that women get in the media industry are most of the time junior(a) and offering support. It is rare to find women occupy leadership or fourth-year positions which most are o ccupied by their male counterparts. In media nurture colleges, the number of females is slightly above that of males. This notwithstanding, in the job market in that location are about a third of employees who are females, showing that there is a great gender based bias while recruiting which favors males. This creates an archetype that women should not be working. The content is another area. Most TV programs or films for example, will have men as the dominant characters and females solo(prenominal) as supporting cast with minor roles. In most of the cases, men end up victorious in their leading roles in the wares. The costs of productions of movies with male characters as the leading actor have a gameer production budget than those with a female. There is evidence that the to a greater extent expensive films to start are more successful and so this favors the male-acted movies more. The role of women as depicted by media is that they are more valuable in their youth and ho w they exhibit their beauty and sexuality. In media production, whether television programs, film or music videos, females are presented in a demeaning manner from their dressing, roles and character. They show only their sexuality as their greatest asset and potential they have. This makes them, and even men belief that women cannot exhibit their own potential in the job markets or other fields. It denies them a chance to compete with men, and make them think they can only rely on their sexuality. The type of movies or programs that female actors lead in are the drama and romantic ones while males are involved in action parked productions which show their aggressive nature. This therefore labels females as the soft ones, while the men as the tough ones. Men have left field behind women even in the sad event of death womens deaths rarely get to the obituaries column yet they are as many as men are.In advertisement, women presentation is that of homemakers expected to know the r equirement of housework and family. For instance, in an advertisement for a household item such as tissue paper or cooking fat, there is likelihood of a female being questioned or asked to make a statement as an authority. She will not be an authority because she is an experts in use of the respective(prenominal) items barely because they are household items, and she is expected to be a homemaker or know how to take care of the home. On the other hand, when advertising a distinguished career or occupation of a high office, it is likely to have a man, which creates in the mind of a little girl that she cannot achieve much out there, she is destined to the kitchen. such bias in packaging media information and presenting the female gender less capable than the males does not help in empowering females.News content does not help matters either. Women are only a focus on a few matters unlike men who dominate business, political and various other news items. This negatively makes gi rls believe men are the only ones who can make news. This also shows that men occupy those positions of power making the females doubt their chances and the males think the positions only belong to them.Social media has uplifted the presence of women in media as they are able to relate well and are more active of such sites. Their voices are growing and reaching more people, both males and females. There is however, the hassle of gender biasness where some male chauvinists have brought some online campaigns based on female stereotypes which is trying to demean women and bring them in bad light. The media owners and producers should be mindful of the image portrayed in the media as it will either encourage girls and women to play their rightful roles in the society as well empowered and capable individuals or conform to the stereotypes and message that the media portrays. Men will also be in a position to treat women soften if there is general message across the media that is empo wering women. The message should not be in the content of the news only but also on the representation in the media such as the employees in the whole capacious journalism industry.As the society dictates, media often present women as part of a team in their work and thoughts. They take a hands-off rather than an active role and even as victims in whatever happens in the society. The society expects women to be beautiful but weak and the rank of their sexuality enhanced but in a very foreshorten and stereotypical way. They treated as emotional instead of intellectual and people who create relationships in order to survive instead of being independent. The society castigates those who tend to be independent or exhibit their worth in other areas, and see them as deviant or dangerous for not meeting the societys expectations.O the other hand, the society expects men to be more rigid and strong, both physically and intellectually, and this is how the media present them. They are exp ected to show power and be independent in their thought and even in their actions and dont rely on others.These media representations serve to paint the society in its real form, and so the media has to conform to ensue the audience identify with them. This may sometimes not be planned but due to how the society is. Such representations make the media seem credible and the male chauvinists have their ego maintained, but at the expense of females who fail to get the right motivation to solicit the full potential in them.With the changing society however, there is a tendency of both men and women finding it hard to live to those expectation of the society due to more empowerment and education on the part of the females on their worth other than the societys expectations of femininity. More female leaders are coming up and this is changing the way they view life with such role models. The toughness of masculinity is also reducing and even the balmy of the males such as grooming which was previously considered a feminine thing is now being adapted by males with even product in the market for them.

Company Background History Of Honda Motors

confederation Background History Of Honda MotorsHonda Motor Co., Ltd, Japanese international Corporation, known as a manufacturer of Automobiles and Motorcycles, was found on twenty-fourth September 1948 by Mr. Soichiro Honda and Mr. Takeo Fujisawa. Honda in Japanese literal meaning is origination field or origin field. Mr. Soichiro flexed as a mechanic at Japanese tuning shop, Art Shokai, since in his young age. Then in a self-taught railway locomotiveer, he fancyed his primary drafts of piston design and sell to Toyota, but it was rejected. Because of shortage of gasoline during World War II, he was non able to develop in producing the car. After that he established The Honda technical foul Research Institution in Japan of small engine for 2 bicycles. And his first motorcycle was Honda Cub first automobile was T360 mini pick-up truck.PRODUCTS blemishAutomobileHondas global lineup consists of the Fit, polite, Accord, Insight, CR-V, and Odyssey. An early prop angiotensin co nverting enzyment of developing vehicles to append to different needs and markets adult malewide, Hondas lineup varies by country and may consume vehicles exclusive to that region. Moreover, Honda entered Formula One as a constructor for the first time in the 1964 season at the German Grand Prix with Ronnie Bucknum at the wheel. both(prenominal) of Honda vehicle models atomic number 18 2000-2006 Honda Insight (53 mpg-US/4.4 L/100 km 64 mpg-imp combined), 1986-1987 Honda polite Coupe HF (46 mpg-US/5.1 L/100 km 55 mpg-imp combined), 1994-1995 Honda Civic hatchback VX (43 mpg-US/5.5 L/100 km 52 mpg-imp mpg combined), 2006- Honda Civic Hybrid (42 mpg-US/5.6 L/100 km 50 mpg-imp combined), and 2010- Honda Insight (41 mpg-US/5.7 L/100 km 49 mpg-imp combined).MotorcyclesBeing the largest motorcycle manufacturer in Japan, Honda started its production in 1955. Honda reached its peak in 1892 for manufacturing almost 3 trillion motorcycles annually. By 2006 this figure had reduced to ar ound 550,000 but was still higher(prenominal) than its three domestic competitors. Honda overly appeared in the Motorsports called Honda Racing Corporation (HRC) in 1982. The union combines participation in motorcycle races throughout the world with the victimisation of high potential racing machines. Its racing activities are an important initiation for the creation of leading edge technologies used in the development of Honda motorcycles. HRC in any case contributes to the advancement of motorcycle sports through a range of activities that include sales of production racing motorcycles, support for satellite teams, and rider education programs. Some of Honda Motorcycles Models are Honda CD 70, CD 100, and CG 125. (http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honda).Power product EngineThe company started engine production in 1953 with H-type. Honda power equipments reached record sales in 2007 with 6,4 cardinal units. Its quality completes line of generators for commercial and consumer app lications. All Honda Generators meet or exceed EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) emission standards. Some of Power Equipments are EU1000iA, EU2000iA Camo, and EU6500iSA. Honda is as well as the worlds largest manufacturer of engines and has earned its reputation for unsurpassed quality, performance and reliability. The purpose engines are designed to meet or exceed the demands of the customers through advanced engine technology, quality components and state-of-the-art manufacturing facilities throughout the world. Honda Engine Products are GC160, GCV160, iGX340, and iGX440.RobotsASIMO is a golem developed under Hondas Research Development robotics program. It is the eleventh in a line of successive builds starting in 1986 with Honda E0 moving through the turn up Honda E series and the Honda P series. Honda has also pioneered new technology in its HA-420 HondaJet that allows new levels of reduced drag, step-upd aerodynamics and fuel efficiency thus reducing operating costs. (http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honda).SWOT TABLEStrengths High and powerful look for and development RD Innovation Best market share leadership bullocky and powerful brand equity Different and unique products One study strength is the revolutionary engine technology with the help of which Honda is come uponing success day by day Popularity is termed as one of the best strength which results in betterment for the companyWeaknesses Cost structure of Honda is high as correspond to other automobile manufacturers Apart from Nissan Toyota, Honda requires privileged purchase deposit Honda steering more on international deposits as compare to domestic deposits Civic model is consider as one of the study weakness for Honda social club Honda products are termed as inoffensive in terms of elan and design Prices for non-luxury vehicles are far high as compare to other manufacturers In truck line, Honda Company is not offering starchy products and proposalsOpportunities Honda has the be st opportunity to use its RD in producing cars according to the needs and demands of their customer. This is only possible because of the increase in demand for less pollution cars. Emerging market is one of the best opportunity for this company Various models are there which caters the pull down segment Fuel efficiency is now a days termed as one of the best opportunity which can results in the best productiveness for the company Alliances are the best opportunities for Honda Company Honda can increase its production by focusing on sales and research They can gain more popularity by doing better research and developmentThreats One of the major threat is the economic slowdown All the external changes for instance taxes, political sympathies as well as government are the major threats for Honda Company Another threat is the lower cost competitors Price war is also consider as an important threat for this company Oil pricesare alter a lot towards the loss of Honda company Second m overs are the major threat for Honda company Substitute products are the major threats for the Honda company workout SUBSIDIARIES commerce of Honda Motor Co., Ltd are Automobiles, Motorcycles, Financial Service and Power products. match to fiscal report in 2006, around the world this company sedulous 144,785 employees. 28,783 employees worked in Motorcycle Business field. 105, 623 employees worked in Automobile Business field. 1,921 employees worked in Financial Service Business field. And 8,458 employees worked in Power Product and Others Business field. Its head office is located in Tokyo, Japan. It contains some(prenominal) subsidiaries around the world such as Europe (UK, Spain, Ger some, Bdellium, France and Italy), Asia (Japan, China, Taiwan, Thai, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, India Pakistan, and Philippine), North Africa (USA, Canada, and Mexico) and others (Brazil, Turkey, Australia, and New Zealand). Due to nett sale report in 2007, regularly income of Honda in Europe is 1,236,757 million yen, 5,980,876 million yen in North Africa, 2,964,344 million yen in Asia, and 905,163 million yen in others. Sale report chart in 2007 category by regionCOMPETITORThere are many competitor of the company. Automobile Mitsubishi Motors, Nissan, Auto sale (Chevrolet), Camko Motor (Hyundai), Lexus, Mercedes, Toyota, Kia Motors and RM Asia (Ford). Motorcycle Yamaha and Suzuki.III. friendship STUCTURESTAFF MOTIVATIONHonda motivation system provide as under+ Training course for specific skill to abroad staffs need to work for the company at least two year after approaching back+ Annual increasing salary evaluation staff (A= 15%, B= 10%, C=5% of their current salary)+Annual gift evaluation staff (A= 100%, B= 85%, C=75% of their current salary)+ Insurances health insurance and life insurance+ Disability non variety+ Paid time off (Overtime paid)+ Retirement plan+ Provide connect and their familiesIV. MANAGEMENT STUCTUREHonda is multinational company. It integrate s itself into many part of the World in many different forms of management to adapt to the real environment. This flexible management style allows Honda to gain great benefits from their investment. Moreover, through this system of glocalization, Honda is still a strong company among its competitors.V. FINANCIAL STATUSFinancial reportHonda Motor Co., Ltd., and Subsidiaries geezerhood ended March 31 2009(http//khuram.synthasite.com)

Marketing Management of Nokia

merchandiseing Management of NokiaDr. Jim McCleskeyIntroduction Nokia is a Finnish corporation, which is founded in 1865. At beginning they marked as a ground forest pulp mill. In 1967 this Corporation was founded by merging the companies. In 1978 it has started to research digital audio network. Mobile network was founded in Scandinavia in 1981 which was initially for car phones. In 1994 Nokia introduce the 2100 serial, whose sell 20million phones around human being. Up to 1998 Nokia became ball eliminateer in ener achieveic phones commercialize. From 1996 to 2001 Nokias turnover increases from 6.5bn to 31bn. Nokia introduces low peregrine phone with a built-in television camera in 2001, called Nokia 7650. After a course of instruction Nokia launches its first 3G phones, Nokia 6650. 3G technology phones can be wasting diseased for browsing web, transfer music, watch TV and much more.Overview of the CaseNokia entered India trade with services of alert phones in 1 995. It was leading name for cell phones in India working with an drift to connect people. Indias telecom sector opened up to private companies after(prenominal) a year Nokia entered to the market. Nokia made giant assembly plant of Vis and gene suppliers, by hand with cheap labor, 8000 full time jobs out of a figure of 30.000 mostly women were hired (MNSambit, 2010). First Indian ringtone Saare Jahan Se Accha- was on the phones in 1998. As we all deal India is the 2nd most dwell expanse in the world so we can understand wherefore Nokia choose to be in that market. In 2000 Nokia introduced its first phone with a user menu in Hindi, in Nokia 3210. In 2002 Nokia introduced their first camera phone for Indian customers. So Nokia was absolutely determined about tyrannic the telephone sector in India. For the latest information about the mobile subscribers that we can find out is that there were 500 million subscribers in India. Mobile phone sector in India is gigantic with 118 m illion mobile users and 85 million of this users are Nokia users. While reaching this amount of users Nokia didnt middling closure in only one sector they did wire cables, good-for-nothing works, in-house electrical device and etc. this helped them to extend all-over the world.Marketing Issues and ConceptsNokia was directly concentrating on the Rural India. The total targeted population they estimated were intimately 100 million. The users were commonly males. only female users were also not commonly less. The users of the Nokia phone was aged betwixt 25 and 50, which is the segment that makes up 80% of the Nokia mobile phone market. Nokia targeted to stay in the market for more than 30 years. only if as we know the era of Smartphones appeared. So teenagers and mostly business class people start to ask for well-nighthing antithetical and something new-fashioned. Nokias dec caper starts when its rivals arrives in 2004 on arrival of chichiphones, Nokia 9210 was the first mo bile phone with an organizer. Nokia developed the mobile phones with Symbian OS, with which capabilities were expended. But orchard apple tree came up with IOS on their I speech sounds which brought new definition to smartphone. Apple introduced iPhone in a federal agency like minicomputer that could make phone calls. Nokia didnt upgrade their phones like the iPhone and s trough victimisation Symbian OS. Nokias market manages move more downwards when Samsung came into market with their smartphones. At that tip Nokia didnt do anything to change itself. Nokia was sticking with the old version of mobile phones that were in general about calling people. Nokia was unable to notice that they were just making some updates about checking e-mail, surfing and on messaging. In 2011 Nokia has united with Microsoft. The new Windows Phone was going to replace the Symbian OS with smartphones. It was estimated that the union would make Microsofts Windows Phone a stronger rival against iOS and Android. This new phone by Nokia was called Lumia line. Lumia line sale was change magnitude more than 1 million before 26 January 2012. Continuously in second quarter sales reached up to 5.4 million Windows Phones. The sales of the Lumia line went up, in the second quarter of 2013 Nokia announced that Lumia sales were 7.4 million, which was a new record for Nokia. In 2013 Nokia get back to profit after a series of losses, Microsoft buys Nokias handset business for 5.44bn. Nokia not only failed to realize argument from Apple, Samsung, Sony, and Blackberry in high end smartphones, they also failed to notice the stung competition in the lower segments of phone (KaranKamboj, 2014). We can easily ordain that, Nokia dramatically lost its place on market constituent. The less you go for up with the case the less you live.Even if they had the slogan of Know our Past, acquire the Future they couldnt figure-out the consequences of ignoring the Smartphones and they couldnt create thei r future.QuestionsShould Nokia pursue full market coverage, market specialization, fruit specialization, selective specialization, or single-segment concentration? Why?According to Forbes newspaper Nokia has been losing its market parcel in a faster rate. In 2009 Nokias market dish out in India was 54% and it declined to 36.3 % in middle of 2010. With this decline the market share dropped to 20% in 2016 (Trefis Team, 2016). Nokia has tried to keep its market share by a product specialization inventing dual SIM card system. As a result, cell phones with dual SIM card become very popular till the smart phone invention. Nokia had limited social networking system or smart phone industry system which caused rivals to increase their market share in India.Therefore, Nokia should concentrate more on below marketing.Single-segment concentration will not be enough to compete with others.Product specialization, selective specialization- in graze compete with other carrier Nokia needs to in crease social networking feature.Market specialization- Nokia has been inventing its tools to unalike demographic groups. Providing icon-based menu consisting of pictures and Hindi SMS Saral Mobile Sandesh.Full market coverage- since entrance to Indian market Nokia has been widely working with telecommunication to use the network.Should Nokia provide post-purchase service by identifying the service that consumers value the most, and the relative richness of each?Any marketing need to provide post-purchase service/s in order to know what consumers value. Nokia has been opened Nokia Priority Dealers across the country and Nokia Concept Stores.Would technological convergence lead to technological obsolescence?Any technological convergence lead to technological improvement to Nokia. Since other competitors/rivals Samsung and Apple by adding a new and improved technological convergence tools they stick out been increase their market shares. For instance, social networking system.Will responding to heightened competition with a number of models lead to product cannibalization in Nokia?Since day by day a competition is increasing tremendously, therefore Nokia has been introducing new models of handsets such as Lumia, Asha, Nokia X, Nokia E series to respond to high demand of consumers. However, all series have their different profit margin. In order to compete and increase its market share Nokia needs a technologic cannibalization more often and balanced.ConclusionNokia has been an industry attraction for many years however the market has changed quickly and Nokia must sound itself. There is a significant risk for Microsoft it should deliver a world class OS or otherwise the customers will turn to Apple and Android.(MNSumbit,2010)When Nokia had a scenario and tried to increase their market share on a Lumia series they aimed to stand on market for a long duration. And Lumia series was Nokias appliance to challenge with smartphone market. But Nokia didnt respond on time and get late to introduce Lumia series, if they would respond on time, in 2007 or 2008, they would have a greater market share as compared to its existing position. But Nokias market share will grow because Nokia is introducing smartphones of substantial quality for almost every budget. e.g. Nokia Lumia 520 is a cheap smartphone, which can do everything unlike dearly-won Lumia. But its features are of less quality. Samsung brings a wide range of smartphones in market to increase their market share. Samsung is going to capture market with their different models. Nokia is also supposed to use that strategy to increase their market share produce every budget Lumia versions of the consumer. Nokia still needs to compete with the new-made and future trends. If not they are not going to adjust with the market they will make loses as we learned from the history.ReferencesMishra,S. (2010). Nokia Case Study PPT format. Retrieved fromhttp// http//www.slideshare.net/mnsambit/nokia-cas e-study-52866723?next_slideshow=1Kamboj,K. (2014). Failure of Nokia PPT format. Retrieved fromhttp// http//www.slideshare.net/karankamboj313/failure-of-nokiaRaghavan Srinivasan, S., Ramakrishnan, S., & Grasman, S. E. (2005). Marketing intelligence.Kapil Nayan, K., Mukherjee, J. (2011). Case Studies in Marketing.Team T., (2016). Great Speculations.

Current Environmental Laws In The Philippines Environmental Sciences Essay

on-line(prenominal) environmental Laws In The Filipinos Environmental Sciences EssayIt is hereby decl be a national policy to prevent, abate and control pollution of wet, line of merchandise and place down for the more rough-and-ready utilization of the resources of this country.P.D. 1151(1979) Philippine Environmental insurance policy defines the general policies on the pursuit of a better quality of carriage for the submit and future generations and mandates the undertaking the environmental impact assessments for solely projects, which may signifi sewertly affect the environment.P.D. 1152(1977) Air Quality Management to achieve and fight down such levels of air quality as to harbor public wellness and to prevent to the greatest extent practicable, injury and or damage to full treatment and animal life and property, and promote the social and economic ontogenesis of the country.P.D. 1586(1978) Establishing an Environment Impact Statement System, Including Other Environmental Management Related.-Defines the model for the murder of the environmental impact assessment as the mechanism to reconcile the impacts of development projects on society and the physical environment.P.D. 389(1974) (P.D. 705) The timbrery Reform mandate codifies, updates and raises woodwindry laws in the country. It emphasizes the sustainable utilization of forest resources.P.D. 330 P.D. 953 Laws on Penalizing Illegal Cutting of heads Public forests and forest reserves be important natural resources of the country which must be preserved and conserved for future generations it is the solemn duty of every citizen to protect public forest and forest reserves from indiscriminate logging, senseless discovery and wanton destruction to the detriment of the present and future generations.P.D. 953 1153 Laws on Tree Planting-The planting of trees on lands adjoining the edge of rivers and creeks in twain a measure of beautification and reforestation and the planting of trees along roads and areas intend for the common use of owners of lots in subdivisions will provide phantasma and healthful environment therein.P.D. 331(1973) Requiring that all Public Forests be developed, Managed, and Utilized on a Sustainable Yield Basis with the Benefit of Technical Forestry k promptly-how of Registered Foresters.-The Philippine forests are the patrimony of the Filipino people and as such they conduct to be developed, managed, and utilized in such a manner as to insure their perpetuity in generative condition for the benefit of all Filipinos, living or yet to be bornP.D. 704(1974) Preservation of optimal Productivity of Fishery Resources through Conservation and Protection. there is a have need to increase the production of fish to bring down its expenditure to a level which will be within the reach of our people, and at the same time insure the continuity of out fishery resources in productive condition through advised utilization and proper savin gP.D. 1015(1976) Banning the Operation of Commercial Fishing within a blank space of 7 Kilometers from the Shoreline. It is the policy of the state to uplift the economic condition of the municipal and small-scale fishermenP.D. 1058(1976) Increasing the Penalties for Illegal forms of Fishing.-There is a need to increase the penalties for legitimate acts prohibited by existing penal laws for a more effective protection of the nations fish resourcesP.D. 1219(1977) Providing for the Protection of Coral Ecosystems. It is necessary that the exploration, exploitation, utilization and conservation of these resources be properly regulated to ensure the preservation of the countrys marine environment.P.D. 1067(1976) peeing rule of the Philippines adopts adequate measures to conserve and regulate the use of water in commercial, industrial and residential areas. It as well provides other policy guidelines in water quality and management of water resources.P.D. 463(1974) Providing for a modernized system of constitution and disposition of mineral lands and to promote and encourage the development of exploitation.-Mineral production is a major support of the national economy, and therefore the intensified discovery, exploration, development and wise utilization of the countrys mineral resources are urgently needed for national development.P.D. 1198(1977) Reinforces this prep for restoration of mined-out areas to this original condition to the extent possible. it is the policy of the State to create, develop, substantiate and improve conditions under which man plenty be close productive and to insure the attainment of an environmental quality that enhances his dignity and well-beingP.D. 1251(1977) tremendous a fee on operating mining companies to be cognise as mine wastes and tailing fee to compensate for damages to secret landowners-A semi-annual fee to be fuckn as Mine Wastes and Tailings Fee is hereby imposed on all operating mining companies at such amount/s to be determined by the Secretary of case Resources, upon the recommendation of the Director of Mines.P.D. 984(1976) The Revision of Republic Act No. 3931, ordinarily Known as the Pollution hear Law.-It is hereby declared a national policy to prevent, abate and control pollution of water, air and land for the more effective utilization of the resources of this country.P.D. 1181(1977) (supplements the provision of P.D. 984) Providing for the Abatement, confine and Prevention of vehicular Pollution Establishing the Maximum Allowance Emissions of Specific air Pollutants from all Types of Vehicle.-It is the use of this Decree to prevent, control, and abates the emission of air pollution from motor vehicles in entrap to protect the health and welfare of the people and to prevent or calumniate damage to property and hazards to land transportation.P.D. 600(1974) (amended by P.D. 979) Water Pollution Control prohibits the discharge of oil, noxious liquid substances, and other harmful substances into the countrys inland and territorial reserve waters.P.D. 825(1975) Providing Penalty for Improper Disposal of Garbage and other forms of Uncleanliness-One of the principal aims of the raw Society is to effect social, economic and political reform through playing field and orderP.D. 856(1975) Sanitation Code Places the responsibility in the local anesthetic administration units for he firm waste management in his area of production.P.D. 1144(1977) Control of Pesticides It is a Government policy to provide adequate assistance to the farming(a) sector in line with national objective of increasing forage productionR.A. 8749 Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 provides for a countrywide air pollution control policyR.A. 7160 Local Government Code of 1991-Provides that local government should share with the national government the responsibility in the management and maintenance of bionomic balance within their territorial jurisdiction subject to nat ional policies and other pertinent provisions of the code.R.A. 6969(1990) Toxic Substances and equivocal and Nuclear Wastes Control Act Authorizes the DENR to establish a program to regulate, qualify or prohibit the importation, manufacture, processing, sale, destruction, use and disposal of chemical substances, and mixture that present unreasonable risk and/or injury to health or the environment.R.A. 8550(1998) The Fisheries Code of the Philippines-Defines the policies of the state in the protection, conservation and effective management of fisheries stock as well as identifying allowable fishing methods in Philippine coastal waters.R.A. 9003 The Solid Waste Management Act of 2001-An act providing for an ecological solid waste management program, creating the necessary institutional mechanisms and incentives, declaring certain acts prohibited and providing penalties, appropriating monetary resource therefore, and for other purposes.R.A. 9275- Philippine Clean Water Act of 200 4-An act providing a comprehensive water quality management and for other purposes.R.A. 9729 Climate sort Act of 2009.-An act mainstreaming climate alteration into government policy formulations, establishing the framework strategy and program on climate change, creating for this purpose the climate change commission, and for other purposes.How tourism is affected by the Current Environmental Laws in the PhilippineTourism is highly affected by the current laws implemented, because of the restrictions and guidelines implemented by the government. Tourist who wants to visit different parts of the country most especially for the purpose of seeing eco-friendly spots visiting eco parks are also known as ecotourism, Ecotourism is visiting a fragile, pristine, and relatively composed natural areas, its purpose is to educate the traveler or touring car, to provide resources forecological conservation and to directly benefit for theeconomic development. Back then, tourist had easily ac cess in visiting our country, specially our famous tourist spots. just now because of the laws implemented, various regulations rules now serves as guidelines for tourism.Like umpteen other countries, ecotourism activities are often handled on the local level. That is, local governing bodies create circumstantial rules, regulations, tours, and managers for specific areas. For the people of the rural Philippines, this has been a major economic boost. This is because many of these local governing bodies require that tourists hire local guides to take them into protected local areas. This is not necessarily true for all areas in the Philippines, barely there are some areas that engage in this practice. These measures are rate in place to help ensure that the local community gets its fresh share of all monies earned by the use of their traditional lands. This also helps to make sure that very strict ethics are followed in relation to how tourists interact with the land.How Touris m shadow help improve the Current Environmental Situation in the PhilippinesA variety of environmental problems now affect our entire world. As globalization continues and the earths natural processes transform local problems into international issues, few societies are being left untouched by major environmental problems. Some of the largest problems now affecting the world areAcid Rain,Air Pollution, Global Warming,Hazardous Waste,Ozone Depletion,Smog,Water Pollution, Overpopulation, andRain Forest Destruction. Every environmental problem has causes, numerous effects, and most importantly, a solution.Tourism can be a very big help in conserving the environmental resources, promotion of sustainable use of biodiversity, by providing jobs to local populations, sacramental manduction of socio-economic benefits with local communities and indigenous people by having informed consent and affair in the management of ecotourism enterprises and not only promoting to visit our country for the charming spots. Tourism is not just the beautiful spots and scenery it can also be the conservation of these places for the future generations. Before letting tourist visit their selected destination, short seminars and lectures can be administered for them to gain knowledge on how to have fun while taking care and not destroying the environment. thrift a little time for these programs can really help.Travel agencies can also be an instrument in helping out. While having promos for tours, they can include inside the brochures different guidelines in protecting the environment and what to know on a certain place. Promoting the place while having tourist knew these guidelines is a win-win situation for the agency and the country.Reference http//bio427.blogspot.com/2010/10/environmental-laws-of-philippines.htmlhttp//www.lawphil.net/statutes/presdecs/pd1977/pd_1144_1977.html

The Principles Of Machiavelli Exposed in The Prince :: essays research papers

Machiavellis views have been misinterpreted since his book was first written, deal take him in the wrong way, and argon offended by what he says. Careless readers take him in a completely wrong way, such(prenominal) as they think that he be lieves that the end justifies the means, that a leader should lie to the people, and that a regulation has to rule with force. In actuality, Machiavelli means no such thing, he says that there are times when the common good outweighs the means, and the religion of a rulers actions. He also says that you cannot be loved by everyone, so try to be loved and feared at the same time, simply of the two, select to be feared. The Prince is considered to be one of the most important of nonfiction literary works written in the history of mankind. It gave an accurate and truthful description of the method of governing. Machiavelli understands the importance of a military force, and that a untaught has to be kept in order, even if that means lying to the people to get them to passage of arms against a common foe. In Europe, the church was entangled in politics, and everything else, except Machiavelli suggests a secular state, which would allow the leader to do that which is necessary for the country and for his continued reign, though not necessarily moral.The ends do not relieve the means, yet sometimes if the end is necessary for the continuation of a society, because the means do not have to be morally bound. A ruler cannot please everybody all the time, so therefore, he has to be invention in order to maintain control. There are times when a ruler needs to lie to the populace, in order to reach a goal that is better in some way for the nation. By tie the church to the government, people expected the government to behave morally, but oftentimes times, an entirely moral ruler will be overthrown. A ruler cannot show any weakness, or else he will no lasting be feared enough to keep him in power, and he will be overthr own. In The Prince, Machiavelli asserts that it is best for a ruler to be both feared and loved, but if he cannot be both, it is much better to be feared. People are unlikely to overthrow a ruler that they fear, because they fear the punishments for failure.

Rates of Reaction - Magnesium and HCL :: GCSE Chemistry Coursework Investigation

set out of reaction of milligram and HCLIn order to find a groovy set of results for this experiment I need todecide what molars i am going to use, and also how i testament make them.Once i have found which molars i would like to use i will giveevidence of why i have chosen them, i will also decide which variablesare important to considerm e.g The Values of Mg, wad of acid. Ialso need to think about how i am going to measure the speed of thereaction in order to run low a table of reliable results.Plan Equipment needed for experiment curlicue Hcl 2 Measuring cylinders (1 big/1 small) Mg landing divests Flask Beaker pipework Stop clock Goggles beehive weighing machineStep unrivaledAll of the above equipment must be ga in that respectd.Step TwoThe Beehive shell sould be placed in the centre inside the bowl, whereforethe bowl is to be filled up with water system until the beehive shell iscovered.Then the big bill cylinder is to be filled to the topwith water and then turned upside down onto the beehive shell.Step tripletThe tube should be placed directly over the hole in the beehive shell,where the tube(which goes through the hole in the beehive shell and iscommitted to the flask) is placed into the cylinder.Step FourThen the flask needs to be filled with 20 cm3 Hcl acid, the acid ismeasured in a measuring tube and then poured in, once the flask isfilled the magnesium strip is to be placed inside. In order to get theMagnesium strip as hi-fi as possible it is to be measured with aruler to the size in which desired.Step 5As currently as the magnesium strip touches the acid it starts to react, sothe plastic ward-heeler should be put on to the flask quickly, then start thestopclock and spirit the amount of gas every 10 seconds. One personshould file the results at eye level to the tube, so they can get anaccu station reading, and another person should note down the timeswhereas one keeps there eye on the time.Things that will effect the rate of reac tion meanness of Hcl Surface area of Magnesium Temperature of reaction Catalyst Length of Magnesium Volume of HclThe concentration can be increased or decrease to effect the rate ofreaction. The higher(prenominal) the concentration, the more particles, thereforea higher rate of reaction.The surface area of magnesium can effect the rate of reaction. Thelarger the surface area, the faster the reaction will be as the

An Analysis of George Batailles The Story of the Eye Essay -- Story E

An Analysis of George Batailles The Story of the ticker...awareness of the impossibility opens brain to all that is possible for it to think. In this gathering place, where violence is rife, at the barrier of that which escapes cohesion, he who reflects within cohesion realizes that there is no longer all room for him (Theory of Religion 10).When Georges Bataille first published The Story of the Eye in 1928, anonymously and in a limited edition of 134 copies (Lechte 118), he had been at the Bibliothque Nationale in the department of numismatics for nearly six years. Bataille was thirty-one at the time of publication, and it was not his first or the most violent piece. The solar Anus which preceded it actually looks ahead to the serious ethnographic articles, albeit often of a dirty nature, which Bataille wrote for Documents, a short-lived journal which he edited and founded in 1929. wide awake in surrealist and avant-garde circles, Bataille courted the floor left of the politi cal and aesthetic arenas, although his original work compelled him to function within rigid systems. While The Story of the Eye is often dismissed as adolescent writing (Bataille himself calling it new in a preface to a later edition), I tenderise here a hireing of The Story of the Eye in the scene of his profession as a librarian and of his work as editor in chief and writer for Documents, a journal that consolidates his reflections as antiquarian, literary artist, and amateur ethnographer. To read Batailles fiction in concert with his sociological and critical writing elevates the radical negativity of its violent transgression to a positive value. The text of this refreshing contains, in an embryonic stage, the basic theories which... ...F. Bouchard. Ithaca Cornell UP, 1977. 29-52. Gill, Carolyn Bailey. Bataille Writing the Sacred. New York Routledge, 1995. Hollier, Denis. The Use-Value of the Impossible. Bataille Writing the Sacred. 133-53. Lechte, John. Surrealism and t he employ of writing, or The case of Bataille. 117-32. Nietzsche, Friedrich. On the Genealogy of Morals. Trans. Walter Kaufmann and R. J. Hollingdale. Ed. Walter Kaufmann. New York Vintage, c1967, 1989. Richardson, Michael. Georges Bataille. New York Routledge, 1994. Stoekl, Allan. Introduction. Visions of Excess Selected Writings, 1927-1939. Georges Bataille. Minneapolis U of Minnesota P, 1985. ix-xxv. Suleiman, Susan Rubin. Transgression and the Avant-Garde Batailles Histoire de loeil. On Bataille Critical Essays. Ed. and trans. Leslie Anne Boldt-Irons. Albany SUNY P, 1995. 313-33.

How does Elie Wiesel change in response to his concentration camp exper

Everyday, we go through with(predicate) situations and experiences that affect us in someway, perhaps even change us. assorted situations direct different loadings. The more difficult the situation is, the more of an effect it has on us. Those hard times can be called adversity. How do we, as humans, react to adversity? What are the possible effects it may have?An example of adversity is the Holocaust - Hitlers plan to exterminate the Jews. In the memoir, Night, we discover how Elie Wiesel changes in response to his concentration camp experiences. The separation from his love ones and the horrible conditions of these camps affect Elie immensely. Elie is affected in the following ways physically, emotionally and spiritually. The Holocaust had changed him into a completely different person.Physically, Elie basically changes from a muscular human being into a walking skeleton. The Jews can be describe as skin and bones. They were also extremely weak. Being forced to work at their labor camps must have been extremely difficult. The drop of food served at the camps, as well as the poor property of what is being served made him that way. The Jews were only fed bread and soup. It gets to the point where everything revolves nigh food and each persons own survival. For example, on pageboy 104, Elies father claims that the other prisoners were beating him. Elies then says I began to abuse his neighbors...

Verizon Issues :: essays research papers

10th marching music 2005The Verizon EDMA CenterP.O. Box 1915Beltsville, MD 20705-1915To Whom It May ConcernI am writing in reference to international charges posted on my nigh recent phone bill (Billing date 02/20/05). To explain the situation, I traveled to Manchester, England on January 22, 2005 by February 8, 2005. On January 25, 2005, my wife called to inquire to the highest degree international handicraft plans offered by Verizon. She was informed by a Verizon employee that the calling plan cost $4/month and that would entitle her to $.08/minute to England. establish on this fact, we used the calling plan for the rest of the time I was England, assuming we were paying $.08/minute.However, when we received the phone bill, the charges for all calls made through the calling plan were charged at $.30/minute. When I contacted Verizon regarding the difference, I was told that for each one call had a premium service termination charge given over to it of $.22/minute. My probl em with this situation is that my wife was never informed that a premium service termination charge existed. When she signed up for the plan, a Verizon employee specifically told her that all calls to England would be $.08/minute. She was not given a qualifier stating that thither was a possibility the charges may be higher due to a premium service termination. Furthermore, we never received literature explaining the details of the plan. Had we cognise that charges could have been $.30/minute, we would have used an alternative calling plan with often lower rates. Due to false information, or a lack of important information, given to us by a Verizon employee, we were overcharged $89.

Free Essay on Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter - Shades of Truth :: Scarlet Letter essays

Shades of Truth in The Scarlet earn No one is perfect and no one is exactly the same. Everyone sins, and that includes sex act lies. Most everyone lies at some point, whether it be to cover some liaison up or unsloped make someone feel better. Or it can be both. We as sight are very afraid of being judged in a bad way, so if a person does something sinful or shunned upon, they lie about it to keep their reputations protected. This opinion based on anothers breeding decisions is a hypocritical decision. We dont want it happening to us, however we do it when we intoxicate gossip about others in our community. This is because people are very judgemental. This wasnt just applicable in 1650, or even 1850 when The Scarlet Letter was written, nevertheless it is still something that is going on today not only in America, but right here in North Central proud School. Though most people know the difference between the righteousness and a lie, Nathaniel Hawthorne establishes that man y people open different perceptions of truth because of demurrer, answer to judgement, and differences in moralities in the epic tale of The Scarlet Letter. Many people deny their emotions, especially strict Puritans. They sell themselves to God and live for no one or thing else. They are givers, not takers, which is an admirable attribute to some, but not Romanticist Hawthorne. In the novel The Scarlet Letter, in that location are strict Puritans like these. Hester Prynne is one example. She, like everyone in the world, commited a sin. However, it was a considerably bad sin adultery. Even if the option, which wasnt presented to the reader, that her and Arthur Dimmesdale (her adulterer) were in love, it wouldnt have mattered because she wouldve felt bad anyway (Even though she didnt love her husband) the same thing would have come from it complete and utter misery for everyone involved in the sin. This was because she denied HER emotions and went with whatever she thought God wanted her to do. Another example of denial blocking one similar definition of truth is Arthur Dimmesdale. He denied his knightly to have a better future. However, that didnt seem to work because he killed himself in the end to stop his melancholy. He denied himself to his congregation and community. By violating the dignity of his rank as a minister, he chose to violate it further by not telling anyone.

Old Man And The Sea - One Finds In Life Exactly What One Contributes :: essays research papers

Life is a dramatic subject that gentlemans gentlemany writers drive as a topic. Life is not only an ocean of sadness but also offers real joy. Earnest Heming authority successfully won a Nobel Prize on this theme by writing The Old universe and the Sea. The senior man, capital of Chile, was the main char work outer of the story. During his lonely journey out at sea, he learned that life offered him an undeniable joy, plus frustration. Honor, heroism, and struggle were obstacles capital of Chile encountered which provided him courage and faith.For instance, Santiagos life was filled with honor. The past and the arrange were memories for which the old man was most proud. The old man endured tremendous bodily pain and leading him to almost give up. To encourage himself, the old man remembered the time when he was El Campeon, which mean The Champion in Spanish. For a long time after that everyone had called him The Champion (pg. 70). The memory of being a victor revived Santiagos stamina, encouraging him to seek other goal. His next goal, the Marlin, ultimately challenged him. FishIll stay with you until I am dead. (pg. 52). At the moment when Santiago harpooned the Marlin through the heart, he knew that he was victorious. This act realistically sobered Santiago he gained more honor and self-confidence. As a result, Santiagos life was filled with a feeling of nobility.Furthermore, Santiago often talked about his hero. It was Joe DiMaggio, a famous and eminent baseball player. Joe DiMaggio immediately and indirectly affected the old man. His actions and his attitudes contributed to the old mans life. scarce I must have the confidence and I must be worthy of the great DiMaggio. (Pg. 68). Thinking about DiMaggio showed the old man the way to victory. His worship of DiMaggio woke the courage that was within the old mans heart.As Santiago thought the ultimate challenge was over, the worse was yet to come. The chisel had sensed the Marlins blood and moved aft er it. It approached and ate the Marlin. The old man had to fight back with them. Fight them. Ill fight them until I die. (Pg. 115). Santiago used all of his supplies to fight with the shark harpoon, tiller, etc. By the time Santiago came back to Havana, the Marlin now was just a carcass bone. The sharks played an important role in the story.

Symbolic Features Of Gi Joe Fi :: essays research papers

An Interpretation of the Symbolic Features of the GI Joe exploit FigureTwelve years ago the generation of todays youthfulness adults were transport with the endless hours of fun they got from their GI Joe action figures. Wild scenes, battles, and situations they created ran their day and create their thoughts of the ideal man. GI Joes physical build was looked upon as the amend antheral body, with a muscular, suave look and a brave and violent temperament. This sterile property is a downside to the figure since it plays the views of young children in this negative way. The GI Joe was a very important piece in many young boys lives. It was an outlet for a childs creativity and imagination, which is one of the most important factors that mold a child into a grown adult.GI Joess symbolized the general nose count of the public that men should be physically strong and brave in physical encounters. Young boys saw the muscular build of the action figures and associate that to the optimal shape that a mans body should be. GI Joes are convertible to Barbie dolls in many ways. Although GI Joes did not come under as much criticism as the Barbie doll, the two important characteristics of the figures are the same. twain figures promote the stereotypical image of the male/female body and both figures characteristics promote the stereotypical actions of how one should act as a appendage of that gender. Each day of his life a young boy is encyclopedism and forming the ideals he will follow later in life. The appearance of a tall, perfectly proportional, and muscular figure molds a young boys belief of what the perfect man should look like. The same characteristic is true about the actions that GI Joes were expected to carry out. GI Joes were fearless, brave men whose mission in life was violence. When young boys played with these figures, this was usually the common role their concocted scenes would reflect under. Violence and death, sounds like a pretty bad pri nciple to move in the minds of young boys. If one thinks about the general stereotype of the nose count we see that men have always been forced into these enduring roles. even today the two characteristics demonstrated by GI Joe are prevalent. As each day progresses these characteristics are being challenged. Now more than ever so the age-old beliefs of what is expected of man and woman are being redefined for a new world.

Traveling Women Ministers - Pushing Gender Boundaries :: British History

Traveling Women Ministers - Pushing Gender BoundariesQuaker women led lives that were very unlike than those of their contemporaries. These women had the opportunity to act as vigorous participants in their faith, not beingness driven from the supposed domain of men. George Fox, considered to be the founder of the Society of Friends, precept the ministry as a holy c exclusivelying instead of a dish outmaking it naturally open to all. (Trueblood 31). Many women, including Barbara Blaugdone, heeded their call to the Ministry. Some of these women pushed the limits even so farther than most, following their call to preach, wherever it led. These traveling ministers pushed even the limits of cuss Friends, often experiencing great oppression and ill regard by those international of the faith. These women also chose to press other gender boundaries of the time. For this devoted group to be fully understood by the modern reader, they must be seen for what they were, radicals of their t ime. The behaviors exhibited by women like Blaugdone could easily have been, and often were, misconstrued. Acts like sleeping in a hog trough, sneaking onto someones property, and barging into the office of the Commander-in-Chief of the Army, all outlined in Blaugdones own narrative, were quite out of the ordinary. practically compared with the actions of a vagrant or a prostitute, these dealings were not seen for their ghostlike necktie but instead for their shocking deviance from the norm. So conduct by great differences between Quakers and others groups of the period, some individuals reacted violently. In one such instance Blaugdone along with Mary Prince were attacked by a knife capitulation man, who did, in fact, succeed in sticking Blaugdone in the side (Blaugdone 10). On her explosive charge to Dublin, Blaugdone was blamed for storms affecting their ship and was almost thrown overboard by her shipmates (Blaugdone 21). Katharine Evans and Sarah Chevers, fellow Quaker travelers, were thrown in prison during their mission to Alexandria, and were tortured psychologically by their captors (Davies 262). True, even stationary Quakers felt some(prenominal) assaults, but traveling women received the worst of it. Traveling female Quakers tried and true gender norms even more so than by preaching alone. Their cogency to ignore the role of men as protectors, as well as owners, had no context in the minds of their contemporaries. Evans and Chevers greatly distressed their captors when they refused to give their affiliation to fathers or husbands.

Potsdam Conference :: essays research papers

Potsdam Conference, meeting of the heads of government of the United States, the USSR, and the United landed estate, following the matted surrender of Germany in World War II. It was held in Potsdam, near Berlin, from July 17 to August 2, 1945. The purpose of the conference was the implementation of decisions reached previously at the Yalta Conference. The U.S. was stand for by President Harry S. Truman and the USSR by Premier Joseph Stalin. The United Kingdom was represented at first by Prime Minister Winston Churchill and later on by the new prime minister, Clement Richard Attlee.A communiqu issued at the plastered of the conference, and known as the Potsdam Agreement, contained the decisions reached by the participants. The principal decisions related to Germany. Administration of the country, until the ecesis of a permanent new government, was transferred to the military commanders of the U.S., the USSR, the United Kingdom, and France, in their zones of occupation, and a f our-power Allied Control Council was created to resolve questions pertaining to Germany as a whole. Pending important settlement in a peace treaty, all lands east of the Odra (Oder) and Neisse rivers were place under Polish and Soviet jurisdiction. It was agreed that the four occupying powers of Germany should take reparations from their single zones of occupation but, because the USSR had suffered greater loss than any of the other major powers, homework was made for additional compensation to the USSR. Rigid measures of control were decided on in the Potsdam Conference to prevent Germany from ever again becoming a threat to world peace. The conferees determined to disarm the country and prevent remilitarisation to outlaw the National Socialist (Nazi) Party that had been led by Hitler to deconcentrate the economy and reorganize it with emphasis on agriculture and to encourage pop practices.On July 26, the U.S., British, and Chinese governments issued an ultimatum, called the Potsdam Declaration, to the Japanese government, confronting Japan with a choice amidst unconditional surrender and total annihilation the USSR was not then at war with Japan and was not a party to the ultimatum.

The Role of the Gods in Homers The Iliad Essay -- Iliad essays

The Role of the Gods in Homers The Iliad We everlasting gods....Ah what scary blows we suffer-thanks to our own conflicting wills-whenever we show these mortal men some kindness. This maintain clearly states what kind of authority Homer has bestowed on his Gods. John door guard said, their constant interference in the lives of the mortals, which seems to cast them in the role of despiteful puppeteers, while reducing Homers heroes to mere pawns in a selfish and much rather petty divine game of one-upmanship. I found it to be quite disturbing imagining these characters fighting in such a mercilous war, loose every ounce of strength they had, and in an instance, all of their efforts could be derailed by a God or Goddess. You almost have to wonder if these heroes rattling have any control whatsoever, or if they are there for the nice amusement of others. Porter also mentions the morality of the Gods. He points out that the gods boast many of the same values that we criticize the heroes of having. They are as green-eyed of their honors (time) as are Agamemnon and Achilles i...

The Experiment :: essays research papers

The ExperimentThe Experiment was written based hit the moral war between whether or no cloning is right. It involves terzetto main people Jude, Skyler and Tizzie. Jude is a newspaper reporter and has been dating Tizzie for sort of awhile. Tizzie is a doctor who studies twins and the different types. Jude was doing a newspaper oblige and that was how he met Tizzie. He had to get information for the article and was told that Tizzie was the person to gibber to when it came to twins. She happened to be a highly recognized doctor in that field. eon all of this is going on in upstart York, Skyler, Judes cl peerless, is life-time on an island with opusy other clones, even though they dont know theyre clones. Skyler and his best friend discover that something happening on the island was wrong and dangerous. They plan on an escape, but Skylers friend dies in the attempt. Skyler grows up there and falls in love with one of the females on the island who happened to be Tizzies clone. S kyler and Tizzies clone decide that they want to regain come out of the closet what has really been going on, on that island for so long. They dig by dint of the offices trying to find just the smallest bit of information that could help them in their search. One day Skyler was out and felt that something was amiss. So that no one would know of Skyler and the girls search they conjured up a substance to secretly communicate when to meet each other and where. It involved a rock, a tree and where the rock was place by the tree. Well, when Skyler got the chance he went to check on the rock because he hadnt seen his love in a very long time. Later he finds out that she was killed in The Lab with all of her organs taken. He managed to escape the island and make it to the mainland. afterwards a long while he made his way to New York and found out that he looked exactly like a man he saw in the newspaper Jude. Meanwhile, Jude has his own struggles with being stalk by large men with w hite streaks in their hair. One night, Skyler finds out where Jude lives and decides to take a visit. Just is very startled when he rootage meets him, but gradually gets use to the idea that they were either twins or clones.

Fascism - Alternative Approach Essay -- essays research papers

Fascism. The name of this move manpowert alone provokes thoughts of hate, racial discrimination and evil end-to-end either redbrick western civilizations. Never before has one cry created such a cultural taboo for nearly two generations. As a people, we immediately think of Fascism as Hitlers methodical conclusion of nearly six million Jews during World War II, but as a movement, there is so much more to be learned. It is the use of this paper to accurately and without judgement look at Fascism from its creation to modern day applications.     Benito Mussolini was catapulted into power in 1919 after helping create and label his movement Fascism. Italian Fascism began on the left but stressed the do-or-die(a) need for strong nationalism with an urgency to industrialize. His style prized violence, idealism and anti-materialism, attach him with the plight of the socialists of the time. As time went on in Italy, Mussolini merged with many modern corporation s, luring him further and further to the right. Benitos vision of Fascism facilitated national liberation, and racism was never his political nor personal goal. Many of Mussolinis top acquired immune deficiency syndrome and elite were Jews prior to his alliance with Hitler in 1937. In 1932 Mussolini wrote a long definition of Fascism for the Italian Encyclopedia. This work shows exactly what it was Mussolini believed he was doing, creating a forward-looking wave of change. The definition is lengthy and often repetitive, however it is absolutely demand to the understanding of fundamental fascism that some of its points be explained and discussed herein.     "Fascism, the more it considers and observes the future and the reading of humanity quite apart from political considerations of the moment, believes neither in the opening night nor the utility of perpetual peace. War alone brings up to its highest tension all human energy and puts the stamp of nobili ty upon the peoples who have courage to disturb it. All other trials are substitutes, which never really put men into the position where they have to make the great decision -- the alternative of behavior or death.... "     This paragraph alone explains the reasons for nearly all modern wars in this century. Mussolinis founding ideal was that of struggle. He believed war to be the flood tide of human emotion, believing that peace was non, an... ...bspIn France, the primarily Fascist companionship led by Jean-Marie Le Pen gained 29% of the vote. This excerpt not hardly applies to France, but to conditions that will continue to rise throughout the world. Whenever a group of people go unheard, unrest immediately occurs. What follows unrest is the willingness to be apart of something that will lead you somewhere great. The rising popularity of Fascism is not imputable to a change in mans thinking, but payable to nations not listening to their people. Thou sands of "skinheads" march through the streets of Germany waiting for a time when they will once again stake their claim for the world. It is only a matter of time before the comfort and discipline Fascism offers becomes a reality in the world. Benito Mussolini believed in the power of state and corporate fit one to best represent the needs of the people. The time has come for the middling people of the world to declare what they desire to be known as next, before the choice is made for them.Whoever fights monsters should see to it that in the process he does not become a monster. And when you look long into an abyss, the abyss likewise looks into you." Friedrich Nietzsche

The Searching Game :: Internet Computers Essays

The Searching Game In todays of all meter increasingly technological world, the Internet is playing a crucial role. This profits has the capability to store and make public a wealth of selective information. Organizing this information and making it easily accessible is a daunting job, but in that respect argon many Internet research engines out there that be trying to do just that. A few of the more prevalent search engines includeYahoo, AltaVista, and Lycos. In comparing these, the roughly important criteria would be the strength in obtaining information. However, these web sites also adopt many added perks to keep substance abusers on the rapscallion. One thing can be certain, web search engines are a much needed service.The First ImpressionThe first time one surfs on to a sites homepage is a critical stage. The page essential convey to the user that it is useful, yet not too complicated. These web sites have different approaches to the first impression. One of the fi rst things that jumps out to a user is the page layout. This would include vividnesss, art, and the general layout of the links on the page. Yahoos homepage does not strike a lot of color. It consists of a unbiased blue background with the handed-down blue links. There are a few graphics and the page is sectioned off into different areas. This may be so as not to distract the user and give the impression that Yahoo is a simple, yet effective search engine. Lycos homepage is also on a simple white background. This page has a few more colors and graphics present to draw the users attention to certain things. One thing that is marked is that the search box is outlined with a bold blue. This box is the most important part to a search engine, so it seems only competent that it be highlighted. AltaVistas web page used a bold color combination for the homepage. The search box is also highlighted here, but this time with a bright yellowed. The header is a deep blue which compliments the yellow search box as well as the yellow billet bar. Although aesthetics is important for all web sites, they must also be functional. The most important part of a search engine is the search box. For these three search engines, this is always located at the top of the page, for user-friendly access. Some sites bring more attention to this than the others, but it is usually the central point of the page.

Women and Fiction in The Yellow Wallpaper -- Yellow Wallpaper essays

Women and Fiction in The yellowish Wallpaper Charlotte Perkins Gilmans The sensationalistic Wallpaper is a deceptively simple story. It is easy to follow the thirteen pages of narrative and conclude the protagonist as insane. This is a fair judgement, after all no healthy minded individual becomes so caught up with hideous and infuriating paper to lose sleep over it, practically less lock herself in a room to tear the cover down. To be able to imagine such things as broken necks and bulging eyes in the wallpaper is understandable, irrational and erratic designs can pass water rational patterns in our minds, but to see a charwoman locked internal of the bars of the wallpaper and assay to rescue her calculates altogether crazy. Her fascination with the wallpaper does seem odd to us, but it easy to focus on the eccentricity of her arouse with paper and lose sight of what the wallpaper institutes her writing. It is her writing that keeps her sane, the wallpaper that makes he r insane, and from these 2 very symbolic poles the short story rotates. Gilmans short story is non simply about a lonely womans descent into hallucination, but is symbolic of previous and contemporary women writers attempt to overcome the madness and bias of the established, manful person dominated literary society that surrounds them. From the very beginning of the narrators vacation, the surroundings seem not right. There is something queer about the mansion where she resides it becomes obvious that her attempt to rest from her untold illness will not follow as planned. The house is an ancestral and hereditary estate...long untenanted invoking fanciful gothic images of a haunted house (3). The house they choose to reside in for the three... ... The Yellow Wallpaper is not simply a story of a woman whose imagination drives her insane, it is a symbolic story of the woman writer who wishes to lighten herself from the conventions of the male dominated literary world. Gilmans proposes that women can achieve such place that they deserve, but that they must first acknowledge and see truthfully the madness surroundings, the tenets created by men, and become driven by the madness to overcome it. It is not impossible, but an uphill battle won by many others. Charlotte Perkins Gilman is conclusion of this her work is wholly a part of the literary canon, among the best of her male peers. Though this be madness, yet there is method in t -Shakespeare nominate CITED Perkins, Charlotte Perkins. The Charlotte Perkins Gilman Reader. Editor Ann J. Lane. New York Pantheon, 1980.

Religion and Relationships in Christina Rossetti’s Work Essay -- Gobli

Religion and Relationships in Christina Rossettis Work Our dreams atomic number 18 commonly known as the subconscious manifestations of our inner desires. Creative writing, identical dreams, can represent an outlet, a method of pseudo-fulfillment for those unrealized wishes or fears. In the case of much fiction, especially poetry, these hidden triumphs are frequently so subtle that the reader may not recognize the achievement or the repressed emotion to which it relates. Christina Rossetti is known as one of the primary young-bearing(prenominal) figures of the Victorian Period. The majority of her poetry falls into one of two categories pietism and relationships. many an(prenominal) of her poems on relationships included a theme of death, yet frequently centered on the relationship between the dead or death and their loved ones. She wrote a number of poems on love, as well, but these often bring forth a sense of loss, avoidance, fear, or disbelief. B ased on some of these love poems and the fact that she was reportedly in love in two ways during her lifetime, it seems clear that Christina Rossetti was no stranger to the desires of humanity. We, as people, tend to have a natural urge to be seen on a very personalised level, to be understood for that which makes us unique, and to be loved in bruise of these things. Rossettis spectral poetry acknowledged these longings and formed an outlet for them. Many of her poems explore what she saw as the great danger that the Victorian frenzy of love and marriage posed to the souls of woman (Touch 4). She held very strongly to her organized religion and is reported to have turned down two men whom she in a heartfelt way loved because of religious differences that she could not overcome. As a deeply religious woman she was afraid somebody could co... ...J. and Vivienne J. Rundle, ed. The Broadview Anthology of Victorian Poetry and Poetic Theory. orchard Park Broadview Pre ss,1999. Everett, Glenn. The Life of Christina Rossetti. Victorian Web. 26 Nov. 2004. 14 Dec. 2004. . Maid. Websters new-fashioned Collegiate Dictionary. 1976. Rossetti, Christina. Promises Like Pie-Crust. Net Poems. 2003. 13 Dec. 2004. . Touch, Julia. The Longing for maternal quality and the Concept of Infertility in the Poetry of Christina Rossetti. Victorian Web. 26 Nov. 2004. 14 Dec. 2004. . Virgin. Def. 1a. Websters New Collegiate Dictionary. 1976. Womble, Alison. Sappho and Christina Rossetti II. Victorian Web. 26 Nov. 2004. 14 Dec. 2004. .

To Save a Life is not an Option :: Essays Papers

To Save a Life is not an OptionAs America has progressed through the years, its citizens have grown much and more conscientious about their health and safety, and through science and technology have designed many things to be safer and increase health for shrimpy money. Laws have been passed so that health may be maintained and in many cases it is cheaper to live a healthy lifestyle rather than an sallow one. Cig arttes put deep holes in pockets, and fines keep people from not draining their seatbelt, yet despite the low cost of many safety advances do for automobiles, consumers are still forced to pay more for safety features in cars. With the low cost of manufacturing and installing safety features much(prenominal) as anti-lock halt and office airbags, safety features should no longer be an selection on automobiles, but standards. Over 9,000 deaths are caused by locating impact passenger vehicle accidents in America every year. (IIHS) Crash tests conducted by the n ominate have shown great potential for side airbags, especially for protection in littler vehicles being hit from the side by bigger vehicles such as SUVs which are becoming very popular these days. Side airbags that take on orient protection are reducing deaths by about 45 percent among drivers of passenger cars struck on the near (driver) side, claims the Insurance land for Highway Safety. The effectiveness of head protecting side airbags is a 53% reduction in risk of two-vehicle accidents and an estimated 74% reduction when a smaller vehicle is struck in the side by a larger vehicle. Without side airbags, the is no protection for a passengers head from protruding objects such as trees, poles or other vehicles causing remote more deaths or permanent injury than if the head were protected. (IIHS) Side airbags are available on 40 percent of 2003 model passenger vehicles, 16 percent on which they are optional. (IIHS) The option of side airbags for different manufacturers v aries in cost for Chevrolet it is a $400 option, for Ford it is a $300 option and for Honda it is a $250 option. Using the Chevrolet Malibu as an example as a side airbag optional vehicle, side crash tests show much better results for the Malibu with side airbags. On a scale of 1-4, 4 being the best, in a side collision test, the Malibu with side airbags received a 3 trance the Malibu without side airbags received a 1.

In Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen’s usage of letters allows the reade

In soak and Prejudice, Jane Austens custom of earn allows the endorser to fully comprehend the accompaniment and certain feelings of the consultations.The custom of Janes Letters in Pride and PrejudiceIn Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austens usage of letters allows thereader to fully comprehend the situation and certain feelings of thecharacters. For example, the two letters sent by Jane bennet toElizabeth bennet in Chapter 46 allow the novel to arrive at a turningpoint in many different aspects. The obvious intend of the writtenletters is to inform the reader of the events at hand regarding LydiaBennet and Mr. Wickham. However, these letters allow changes to takeplace in other relationships as well.Jane Bennet illustrates herself much in the letters that shecomposes. She is constantly optimistic and trusts multitude immensely,shown in the lines But I am willing to hope the best, and that hischaracter has been misunderstood. Jane is constantly considering thefeelings of other people and she conveys that she does non like toimpose on others. She states in the second letter, Now as the firstshock is over, shall I own that I long for your return? I am not soselfish, however, as to press for it, if inconvenient. Even in heropening rumor in the first distressed letter Jane states, I am white-lipped of alarming you-be assured that we are all well. Thesestatements easily show her blessing and consideration for others. When describing the state of the rest of the family because of Lydiasactions, Jane precedes each of their names with the articulate poor. Forexample, she writes my poor mother is really ill and keeps to herroom, and Poor Kitty has peevishness for having concealed theirattachmen... ...y because of the incorrect address is vital in conveyingJanes emotions to the reader.It is apparent that Jane Austen intended these two solitary letters toplay a vital role in the novel. These letters single-handedly broughton the windup of the novel and allowe d many different relationships todevelop. If the letters were not available to the reader or evensimply mentioned, the novel would be lacking in a connection with thereader. These letters convey emotions and worries that otherwisemight not be discussed in person, such as the negative comments aboutMr. Wickham and his sibylline intentions for Lydia Bennet. The lettersalso allow the reader to personally imitate the inbred reactions ofthe original receiver in the novel. Jane Bennets two letters toElizabeth certainly fulfill these literary functions and are quiteessential to the novel.